Barriers to Distribution as Regards Birds and Mammals

Natal Dispersal in Birds & Mammals

Behavioral responses of Yellow-Bellied Marmots to birds and mammals

The habitat of Yellow-bellied Marmots (Marmota flaviventris) is visited or occupied by a variety of birds and mammals. Species that interact with marmots were divided into three groups: (1) other species of ground-dwelling sciurids, (2) nonpredatory transients, and (3) predators. The rare social interactions between Yellow-bellied Marmots and other ground-dwelling sciurids were chases by marmot...

Risks to Birds and Mammals from Solid Formulations

EU Directive 94/414 requires that plant protection products have no unacceptable effects on the environment particularly non-target species. DEFRA Pesticides Safety Directorate (PSD) is responsible for assessing the environmental safety of pesticides in the UK. Solid formulations (seeds, pellets, baits and granules) present particular problems due to the high toxicity of some formulations and t...

The physiological basis of diving to depth: birds and mammals.

There is wide diversity in the animals that dive to depth and in the distribution of their body oxygen stores. A hallmark of animals diving to depth is a substantial elevation of muscle myoglobin concentration. In deep divers, more than 80% of the oxygen store is in the blood and muscles. How these oxygen stores are managed, particularly within muscle, is unclear. The aerobic endurance of four ...

Adaptations to polar life in mammals and birds.

This Review presents a broad overview of adaptations of truly Arctic and Antarctic mammals and birds to the challenges of polar life. The polar environment may be characterized by grisly cold, scarcity of food and darkness in winter, and lush conditions and continuous light in summer. Resident animals cope with these changes by behavioural, physical and physiological means. These include respon...